Yes, it looks so different. But "yok" is formed in the smilar way as "var".

It is amazing that even in the oldest scriptures of  Turkish Language, [ Orhon Yazıtları ] the word "yok"  was in exactly the same form as now.

" Ol süg anda yok kıldım." ---> O orduyu orada yok ettim.  [ I destroyed that army there]

[source ; Orkhun script. [732-735] ed.Talat Tekin, TDK 2008]

The word "yok" roots from the old verb " yod " which means  ---> kaybolmak, yok olmak  "to be lost, to vanish, to disappear" ]

 In some scriptures, the root is only " -yo "  [ yok olmak ]

So, it is obvious that  the suffix -Ik  created an adjective here. Yo + Ik ===> Yok 

Cos , semantically, it means " something that is vanished" [yok olmuş ]. So, it should be considered as an adjective. 

 Etymological analysis of   "var"

There are various theories of etimological root of the word "var"

First theory is ;

In Old-West Turkish, in some words starting with consonant "b" changed into "v"

 [bar ---->var ]  This verb "bar" with aorist participle "ır", [bar-ır ], probably later "barır" faced with syncopation. As a result of that  the suffix -Ir  dropped which does make sense.

[Gabain, 2007 ]

Second theory is ;

According to this theory , this word comes from the root of Mongolian verb "bay"---> ba which means "olmak, mevcut olmak, var olmak [ to be , to exist] "

Third theory is ;

Again, some claim that "var" is derived of  another Mongolian verb "barı" which means[ to hold,to seize, to have , to own things ] [Nişanyan ]

barı ---> barır --> bar  If we accept this derivation theory, it is still probably the morphome -ır  [which is the aorist participle ] must have occured to take the final  form of it.

Fourth theory is ; 

Some claim that "var" is derived of the turkish verb  "ba-" [meaning " bağla " [tie, to tie ] and they consider the latter "-r" in the end as aorist participle. [Gülensoy, Hamilton ]

Because, In Turkish , the -r  participle makes temporary or permanent adjectives , this"var" is an adjective derived of  Turkish or Mongolian various verbs.

Cevap basit ---> Emperyalist devletlerin uşağı olurlardı. Türk halkını emperyalistlere karşı profesyonelce ve zekice  örgütleyip Türklüğün şerefini ve bu topraklarda müslümanların namusunu kurtarmış olan bir şahsa karşı minnettarlık duymak yerine böyle nankörcebeyanatlarda bulunan kişiler sayesinde İslam dünyasında ne barış var  ne de bilimsel alanda ilerleme var.

 Akıl sahibi  bir insan şöyle düşünür ;  eger ki bir kimse [özel yaşamı ne olursa olsun ] benim ve ailemin özgürlüğü için savaşmışsa ben ona minnet duyarım. Ona alternatifler aramam. Onu saygıyla anarım.

Cevap basit ---> Emperyalist devletlerin uşağı olurlardı. Türk halkını emperyalistlere karşı profesyonelce ve zekice  örgütleyip Türklüğün şerefini ve bu topraklarda müslümanların namusunu kurtarmış olan bir şahsa karşı minnettarlık duymak yerine böyle nankörce beyanatlarda bulunan kişiler sayesinde İslam dünyasında ne barış var  ne de bilimsel alanda ilerleme var.

 Akıl sahibi  bir insan şöyle düşünür ;  eger ki bir kimse [özel yaşamı ne olursa olsun ] benim ve ailemin özgürlüğü için savaşmışsa ben ona minnet duyarım. Ona alternatifler aramam. Onu saygıyla anarım. 

"Oynamak" to be used for " to play a musical instrument ? ---> NO [ At least I haven´t heard " those situtations" in my life ] 

This way , not literal but more natural  + its better to use -miş as you heard [were told] later that the teacher was sick.

 The correct answers are  ;

1B  2B  3C  4D

Hepinize aferin !

1. In which sentence , there is NO consonant softening. 

A) Ayağını yorganına göre uzat.

B) Ucuz etin yahnisi içilmez.

C) Ağaç yaprağıyla gürler.

D) Sütten ağzı yanan yoğurdu üfleyerek yer.

2. In which sentence the word "böyle" has a different function than others ?

A) Böyle günlerde evde durulur mu hiç? 

B) Olayların böyle gelişeceğini biliyor muydun? 

C) Bir şey yapmak gerek böyle durumlarda. 

D) Böyle bir yer bulmak oldukça zordur. 

3. In which sentence below, there is a feeling of "surprise " ?

A) Hep aynı oyunu oynamaktan usandık. 

B) Bu yaptıklarından sonra ona nasıl kızmam? 

C) Nasıl oldu da bu kadar iyi oynadı? 

D) Benim de böyle bir oyuncağım vardı.

4. In which of the sentence below, there is an " exaggeration" ?

A) Evler ve ağaçlar yukarılara çıktıkça küçük görünüyordu. 

B) Çınarın dalları arasından serin bir rüzgâr esiyordu. 

C) Aslanlar gölün kıyısında mışıl mışıl uykuya dalmıştı. 

D) Bütün dünyanın duyabileceği bir şekilde konuşuyordu.

Good analysis Tomac. I agree with how you interpreted both sentences above.

1. However, in the main clause of the second sentence --->  " so I worked in this job"  it is highly possible that the person is still working in this job. In other words, he is imagining if he had had money in the past he would never have worked [or started to work]  in this job, but the reality is that  he is still working in the same job , because he had or has still no other alternative. He is just pissed off with his  job.

I said its highly possible because when we say "bu iş " that means the job is in front of us, I mean, we are referring things with "bu" which is very close to us. In other words, the person is making this statement while he is doing that job by pointing it.

2. Or, it is possible  that  he didnt have money so he worked in that job in the past.He left that job and  now he works in other job or not working. 

We will know it  by choosing "bu" or  " O" 

I mean ----> "bu işte çalışmazdım" he worked ın that job in the past and [most highly possible that] still working in that job.

 "O işte çalışmazdım."---->  he worked ın that job ın the past and he is not working in that job anymore.

Honestly, that doesn´t make sense to me Tomac. I mean, replacing "olsa" with"varsa" for that case does not ring any bell in my mind. But if you are asking the possibility of replacing "olsa" and "varsa" for any other cases, then it needs bit explanation , for example ;

For hypothetical thoughts or expressions ;

Param olsa altın alırım.  ---> [Hypothetically ] If I had money  I would [will] buy gold.

The person is thinking hypothetically, saying if  he had money at the moment he would invest that money to buy gold.

--------------------------------------------

If we try to replace it with "varsa" in the same sentence ;

Param varsa altın alırım. ---> That is sounding weird. 

We use  "varsa" in the expressions which are NOT hypothetical ;

Param varsa niye hala bu işte çalışıyorum ? --> [ If I have money [cos people think[claim] that I have money, then why am I still working in this job ? ] ---> People are really thinking that I have money --> So, we can not say it is a hypothetical thought. If it is how people think then why I am still working in this job ? 

So, It is more like conditional thinking . If I have money, why I am still in this job ? 

Param olsa bu işte çalışmam.  ---> If  I [hypothetically] had money, I would not work in this job. 

This is my opinion. May be someone else can explain better.