Masadaki  kalem ----> The pen that [which] is on the table.

Odadaki  kedi ---->  The cat that is in the room.

Senin yanındaki  kişi ----> The person who is next to you.

Otobüsteki  insanlar ----> The people who are in the bus.

İkinci kattaki banyo ----> The bathroom which is in the second floor.

It is a noun sentence. The predicate is "zor bir iş" [ a difficult job] which describes the action [to learn].  So, we can use infinitive form of verb with noun sentences.

Yüzmek kolay. ---> Swimming is easy.

Yabancı dil öğrenmek     zor bir iş. --> Learning a foreign language is a difficult job.

Object                             Predicate    [to learn a foreign language is a difficult job]

---------------------- -----------------------------

* With inflected form of a noun ---> gerek 

Türkçe öğrenmek gerekiyor. ---> It is [being] necessary to learn Turkish. 

Complete the blanks in the sentences below.

1) - Sen  kendini  ne  sanıyorsun ?

      Who do you think you are ?

2)  - Benimle  böyle  konuşmaya  nasıl cüret  edersin ?

      How dare you speak to me like this ?

3)     - Hiç şüphe  yok ki  yabancı  dil öğrenmek zor bir iş.

   There is no doubt that learning a foreign language is a difficult job.

4)     - Tabloları [Resimleri]  müzede  sergilenecek.

         His paintings are going to be exhibited in the museum

No, it doesn´t mean "during". 

yönetici is a general name for "administrator " whereas müdür  means "manager/headmasters".

Complete the blanks in the sentences below.

1) - Sen  ke…..  ne  sa........ ?

      Who do you think you are ?

2)  - Ben….  bö…  konuş....  nasıl c...t  et..... ?

      How dare you speak to me like this ?

3)     - Hiç şüp..  yok ki  yaban..  dil öğren... zor bir iş.

   There is no doubt that learning a foreign language is a difficult job.

4)     - Tab...... [Resimleri]  mü....  ser.........

         His paintings are going to be exhibited in the museum

     KARA-HAN [KAYRA-HAN]

According to Altai Turks Kara-Han is the biggest God of  all Gods in Sky. He lives on 17th layer of heaven. He decides the fate of the whole universe from there. About the creation of world and end of the world....

Kara-Han planted a pine tree which had 9 branches after the creation of earth. He made his son Ulgen sits on 16th layer of heaven.  He wanted 9 person come from those 9 branches. So that 9 nations would have established from  9 branches.

Kara-Han is considered as the “ata” [father/ancestor] and "ana" the mother of mankind.

According to Shamans [ Priest of Shamanism] He had three sons called “ Ülgen, Kızagan, Mergen ”

Some adverbs that are formed out of nouns by taking "A"

When some words especially [some] time expressions take the suffix  "a", they are altered into adverbs and refer the coming [forthcoming] [morning, afternoon, night, week,month, year, summer, winter ].

Sabaha görüşmek üzere......>  See you in the morning [in the coming morning].

Haftaya Fatma´nın düğünü var.....>  Fatma has wedding next week. [the coming week]

Seneye seni görmek istiyorum  ---> I want to see you next year. [The coming year]

It can be used to refer "for" [için]

Akşama hazır ol. ---> Get ready for the evening. [for tonight]

Sabaha bir şey yapmamı istiyor musun ? ---> Do you want me to do anything for the morning ?

It can be used with other words [adjectives and nouns] as well ;

Bu kitabı bedavaya aldım. ---> I got this book for free.

Bu kitabı beleşe aldım  ----> [Slang] I got this book for free.

Haybeye geçti zaman ---- Time passed doing nothing. [ Time wasted]

Hayrına bu işi yap.  ---- Do this job for the sake of goodness.

                                 Do this job not expecting a reward in return.

And when I missed him/her I became a combative person, started to have a row even for the greyness of sky .

Hepsi doğru.  Türkçen çok iyi. Aferin sana.