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how do i know when to drop a vowel or add a fusion consonant, when 2 vowels come together ?
i understand major vowel harmony, changing the vowel in the suffix to either soft or hard depending on the last vowel of the word before.
and i understand minor vowel harmony, changing suffix´s begining with -i or -ý to -i,-ý,-u,-ü depending on the last vowel of the word before it, but how do i know which vowel harmony to use, because i dont understand how to use them both together. or can i use them both together?
can i just learn this rule? if i add a suffix starting with a vowel to a word, i change the vowels of the suffix to:
-ý if the vowel in the word before is -a or -ý
-u if the vowel in the word before is -o or -u
-i if the vowel in the word before is -e or -i
-ü if the vowel in the word before is -ö or -ü
any help or advise would be appreciated  .
A Turkish word can have either all soft or all hard vowels (except for words adopted from foreign languages, like tarih - it has both hard vowel "a" and soft vowel "i", so you know it´s not an originally Turkish word, because it doesn´t follow Major Vowel Harmony). For example melek is a Turkish word - it has only soft vowel "e" - so you know that the suffix you use needs to have soft vowels - either -e or -i.
What you do with the vowels in the suffix depends largely on the suffix that you use.
Some suffixes are the -a/-e type.
For example when you make a noun plural, you can only add - ler or -lar, there´s no option with -i/-ý/ü/u.
melek - melekler (melek-ler)
Other suffixes are the the i/ý/ü/u type.
For example when you add -li to make an adjective, you can add -li, -lü, -lý, or -lu - depending on the vowel harmony.
süt - sütlü (süt-lü
So look at the suffix, it will tell you what vowel harmony to use.
Here´s an explanation on the use of buffer letters.
As far as when to drop a vowel or use a buffer letter, you need to learn it while you learning suffixes.
For example, the suffix for "my" and "I am" is -im/ým/um/üm.
If you have a word that ends in a vowel, you drop the vowel, for "my":
araba - arabam (araba-m) - my car
and you add the buffer letter for I am:
anne - anneyim (anne-y-im) - I am a mother
Edited (9/9/2009) by Melek74
Edited (9/9/2009) by Melek74
[Additional examples]
Edited (9/9/2009) by Melek74
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