"üçgen şeklinde katlanmış" (folded in the form of a triange) is the closest I can think.

example:
Törende, ölen askerin eşine üçgen şeklinde katlanmış bir bayrak verdiler.

In the ceremony they gave the wife of the soldier who died, a flag that was folded as a triangle.
(Corrections on my English sentences by native English speakers, are always welcome. I know my English isn't perfect. "that was folded into a triangle" might be better.)

You are right on assuming that there is no other way than translating "I have seen" as "gördüm" and "I have come" as "geldim" but I was thinking about sentences like "I have had enough."

In this example languages differ. It is possible to find a translation of this that has the -di but I might as well translate this with an exclamatory phrase such as "yeter be!". In fact I think this would be a good translation.

"Sözünde durmayanlarla olasın."
"I wish you will be with those who can't keep their word"


"sözünde durmak" : to keep their word

"sözünde durmak" is an idiom. The "durmak" part will be shown below but durmak alone means "to stay". So don't get confused with this. Your original sentence is translated like I did above because "sözünde durmak" is an idiom but while we are checking suffixes we will check the ordinary verb 'durmak'.

durmayanlarla : with those who don't stay

dur-ma-y-an-lar-la

dur: verb stem of durmak (to stay)
ma : verbal noun suffix (durma: staying)
y : buffer letter (seperates to vowels)
an : verbal adjective suffix (duran > the one that stays, durmayan > the one that doesn't stay)
lar : plural suffix
la : suffix version of the conjunction "ile" (with)

What makes our language difficult is not the advanced vocabulary or tenses or personal suffixes. These are managable. The difficult part is verbal adverbs and verbal adjectives and advercial clauses build with them.

Among them we have the famous -dik suffix (geldiğimde, okuduğu zaman, aradığı için, göremediğinden, etc are all -dik suffix versions) and -iken, -ince etc.

Unfortunately children's books include these words as well. Therefore a children's book in English might be easy to an English learner but a children's book in Turkish is not easy for a Turkish learner.

Another big problem is that the İslamic community have their own publications and books for children. These are totally rubbish and include words that have been omited from our language 50 years ago (a long time in our standards).

I don't think a foreigner can easiliy identify a kids book written from İslamic perspective. They are trying to spread their politics on every issue. Be sure you have an educated and modern person with you while you choose any book.

We don't have perfect tenses. Therefore we translate Present Perfect Tense with other tenses. Usually this is Simple Past Tense.

I have gone > gittim
I went > gittim

http://www.tulumba.com/mmTULUMBA/Images/HO186020OR017_250.jpg

Yes, it is a noun. It is the name of that object you see in the picture. Basically it is a paper covered with a protective material such as leather, metal or fabric. It is worn as a necklace (kolye) by both men and women. People believe muska will protect them.

Yes, you are right about this instructional use. It is very common.
But you can also use the formal version in a dialogue. You could say 'buyurunuz' instead 'buyurun'. On the other hand buyurun is already a very polite word and with the formal version, 'buyurunuz' is near the limit of politeness.

"Buyurunuz Hanımefendi" or "Buyurunuz Beyefendi" would be a very poshy phrase.