These are equalent. The first one is a noun sentence and the second one is a verb sentence.

(Benim) Bugün çalışmam / lazım.
Subject / predicate

(Ben) / Bugün / çalışmalıyım.
Subject / indirect complement / predicate

The proper sentence is this:

"Senin araban ne renk."

Now we have seen what a proper sentence looks like. Can we make it shorter by hiding the personal possessive adjective? Yes, of course we can:

"Araban ne renk?"

This is the shorter version of the one above. It is good to learn the full version before you start to make them shorter.

Forget about the grammar. You can learn most of the grammar intuitively.

You can learn Turkish by only reading texts with the help of a dictionary. If you know enough grammar to find a word in the dictionary then you don't need to study more. Keep reading and reading.
Example:
"gidiyorum"
When you look at this word if you know that you must find "gitmek" then don't study any grammar.

The c is never used as k in Turkish. It is kola.

In the 60's or 70's when "coca cola" came to Turkia we started calling it "kola". We didn't know it was a brand name and we didn't know the drink should be called coke. In fact nobody cares about these things. We simply call it kola no matter it's brand name. Even when it is pepsi you can say kola.

-Kola sever misin?
-Evet çok severim. Her gün iki litre kola içiyorum.

This is according consonant harmony. This is consonant harmony:

"When two consonants are next to each other, if the first consonant is a voiced consonant then the the one next to it is also voiced, if the first consonant is unvoiced then the the one next to it is unvoiced as well."

Maybe we can say the same thing in a better way:

"Voiced consonants match with their same kind when two consonants come next to each other."

I think my second definition sounds better.

There are eight voiced consonants: p,ç,t,k,h,s,ş,f

In fact just because the consonant harmony rule all suffixes that start with a consonant have a voiced version. For instance -di > -ti (past tense), -de > -te (locative case) etc.

It is the fifth meaning of biçmek in the dictionary that was used here.

Arabam olmasaydı yürümem gerekirdi.

Not all proper names are seperated with an apostrophe. "Türkçe" is a typical example. The correct spelling is Türkçede, Türkçeyi, Türkçenin. Smillarly we should write İngilizcede, Almancada, etc.

We write it with capital letter as this is derived from a proper noun (Türk) but we don't use apostrophe with those nouns that are derived from proper nouns with a constructive suffix.

I agree that there is a discussion of this issue since after a proper noun gets a constructive suffix it can make a new proper noun. For instance "Bursalı" is not a proper noun. It is written with capitals for the sake of "Bursa". On the other hand both Türk and Türkçe are proper nouns. I think this is a discussable issue.

http://tdk.org.tr/yazim/kurallar.htm

Both sound good to me.