´´mı´´  can NOT be used on its own in any conversation. It can only make sense with other words, generally making question or asking for an approval.

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You can ask kiminle görüşüyorum  ? --> Whom I am talking to  ?

or

You can ask in polite way by adding hanım / bey at the end of the person´s name, asking approval if you are not sure of the person on the other end of the phone.

-Melikfar hanım ?

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Yes, Bende is in me/on me  and Ben de is me too /me also

You can know which one by the context.

 A ! , YA !

When ´´a´´  or  ´´ya´´  are placed after a verb, it makes the statement more emphatic.  ´´A´´ or ´´YA´´ is not affected by the rules of vowel harmony. They can be used interchangeably depending on rhythm or style, but mostly ´´ya´´ is used. It is not used with command forms.

Olur a ! Dünyada herşey mümkün. ---> Certainly it could happen ! Everything is possible in this world.

Verdim ya ! Daha ne istiyorsun ? ---> I gave it, didn´t I ? What else do you want ?

Gidiyor ya ! Üzülecek ne var ? --->  He is going, isn´t he ? What is there to worry about ?

* The ´´a´´ or ´´ya´´  is added at the very end.

- Veriyorum ya !

- Aldın ya !

- Bulduk ya !

* There is a feeling of  impatience as well as emphasis in the attitude of the person using this form.

Yes you can use present continuous. It is interchangable for future actions  like in English.

  My course is starting next week. = My course will start next week.

Haftaya kursum başlıyor. = Haftaya kursum başlayacak.

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1. Endonezya’ya uğrayacağım. ---> I will do short visit to Indonesia.

2. Endonezya’ya uğruyorum   ---> I am doing short visit to Indonesia. / I do short visit to Indonesia.

3. Endonezya’ya uğrarım   ---> I DO short visit to Indonesia.

Without context, those 3 sentences may NOT exactly say the same things.

´´Belki´´ fits perfectly  in the 3th sentence [aorist] and refers the future ---> I may do short visit to Indonesia.

However, ´´ belki ´´  with the second sentence  sounds weird since it is in present continuous tense.

kimi

The adjective ´´kimi´´is formed of  the pronoun kim + i [possessive suffix], 

possessive suffix is cliched in time and formed this adjective.

It is the Turkish equivalent of ´´bazı´´ [some]

kimi  zaman

kimi gün [ler]

kimi insan

 Complete the missing parts in the sentences below.

1- Onlar..  Haziran´da evlenme......  gerek.... 

They need to get marry on June.

2- Otel...  Mayıs´..  30´unda ayrılma... gerek....

You need to leave hotel on 30th of May.

3- Hangi dil....  konuşa.........  sordu.

He asked me what languages I could speak.

4- Sabah çalışa.......  söyledi.

She said she would study in the morning.

Very good translation, Tomac !

For those two sentence it sounds bit weird using present continuous tense, Tomac.

Unless,  by little changes [adding past in the last sentence] it may sound ok.

Peyami Safa İstanbul´da doğdu. Meşhur şair İsmail Safa´nın oğludur. Düzenli bir öğrenim göremediğinden kendi kendisini yetiştiriyor, 13 yaşında hayata atılıp Posta Telgraf Nezaretinde çalışıyordu. Sonraları öğretmenlik (1914-1918), gazetecilik (1918-1961) yapıyor, hayatını yazıları ile kazanıyordu....

Aorist usage for past actions

This kind of usage is seen in stories , especially when telling the historic events.

Example :

Peyami Safa İstanbul´da doğdu. Meşhur şair İsmail Safa´nın oğludur. Düzenli bir öğrenim göremediğinden kendi kendisini yetiştirir. 13 yaşında hayata atılıp Posta Telgraf Nezaretinde çalışır. Öğretmenlik (1914-1918), gazetecilik (1918-1961) yapar. Hayatını yazıları ile kazanır.....

Peyami Safa was born in Istanbul. He is the son of famous poet İsmail Safa. Since he hadnt had a proper education, he improves his education by himself. When he was 13, he works at ministry of Post&Telgraph. He works as a teacher and journalist. He earns his life with his writings....

Aorist for future actions

Sometimes, when we dont want to be specific or definite about the future actions, we use aorist. By doing that, what we actually say is , its not definite but we may[probably]  do it.

It is kind of  a way of softening the strictness of future promises, being more flexible and minimizing the possible disappointments of the other person, if we dont perform that action.

Yarın seni arayacağım. ---> I will  call you tomorrow.

Yarın seni ararım. --->  I am gonna give you a call  tomorrow [but I don´t promise ]

Present progressive for aorist actions

Present progressive -iyor , can be used for aorist actions.

The difference between normal aorist and progressive aorist is :

If we have just gained a habit of doing something, it is expressed with progressive tense.

- Sabahları erken kalkıyorum. ---> I am getting up early in the mornings.

In the sentence above, what I am trying to say is I actually gained this habit recently/nowadays. Habit of  getting up early in the morning.

whereas :

- Sabahları erken kalkarım.  ---> I get up early in the mornings.

In this aorist sentence, it was always like that. In other words, I always and still get up early in the mornings. It is not actually a habit that I gained lately. It has been always like that.