- mIş

-miş can be used to express amazement, admiration,suprise and things that you have just realized. Such as:

 When you see your friend´s car first time and you like it, you can say to him/her :

- Araban çok güzelmiş ! ---> Your car looks very nice !

 You are viewing a house and you find its rooms  big , you can say :

- Odalar genişmiş !  ---> The rooms are big !

- Bak kim gelmiş ! ---> Look who has come !

Your friend bought new shoes and you think they are good deal :

- Ucuzmuş !  ---> They are cheap ! [good deal !]

You´ve just started to learn Turkish and you find Turkish difficult. You say to your friend

Türkçe zor bir dilmiş ! ---> [I have just realized that ] Turkish is a difficult language !

Sabah olmuş ! --> We [I] have just realized that it is [the night turned into] morning.

 Certainty in the future

Using present continuous tense for future actions denote  more certainity than using future tense. Since , the action we refer in the future in our mind -as if - already started [to happen] from NOW it sounds more certain to us.

1) Yarın sana geleceğim  --->  I will come to you tomorrow.

2) Yarın sana geliyorum. ---> I am coming to you tomorrow.

In second sentence, it is more definite/certain that I am coming to you tomorrow.

It is colloquial form. "Double mış " reported past is used when you are reporting someone´s action to someone,  in a sarcastic way , its because you are probably in one of the states below;

- you are annoyed/pissed off  with that person

- you don´t belive what he said to you and you think he/she is lying to you

- you don´t care him/her or what he/she done

- you are not very interested in what he/she done

Hastaneye gitmişmiş  de  o yüzden benimle buluşmaya gelmemiş.

He/She said that he/she had gone to the hospital, that´s why he/she couldnt come to meet me.

[which I don´t belive that he/she really gone to hospital so I am annoyed with that ]

For larger outside bins we say ´´ çöp tenekesi ´´

-r  suffix

-r  suffix comes to some verbs and makes them noun or adjective.

Verb stem +  [a,e,i,ı ]r

Oku  +  r     yaz + ar   --> Okur yazar  [ the person who know how to read and write]

yaz + ar   kasa  --->  Yazar kasa  [cash till]

bil + ir   kişi---> Bilir kişi [expert witness]

gel + ir     git + er  ---> gelir  gider  [income and expense]

kes + er  ---> keser  [chipping hatchet ]

gül +  er   yüz ---> güler yüz  [smiling face]

Conjunctions of  Summarizing

kısacası, demek ki, açıkçası, öyleyse, yani, özetle, o hâlde, anlaşılıyor ki

... Kısacası bu işi bir an  önce bitirmeliyiz.  --->
.... Briefly , we should finish this job as soon as possible.

... Demek ki  ülke bu yüzden kalkınamıyor. --->
... So, because of this,  the country is not developing .

... Açıkçası bu işi istemiyorum. --->
    Frankly speaking, I don´t want this job.

... Öyleyse gidelim arkadaşlar.
... If it is so ,friends [then] let´s go.

... Yani bundan sonra kimse bu konu hakkında konuşmasın.
... So, [in short, in other words] from now on, let nobody talk about this matter.

..... O halde Istanbul gezisini iptal etmek zorundayız.
..... In that case we have to cancel Istanbul trip.

.... Özetle bu ilacın yan etkileri saymakla bitmez.

.... In brief, this drug has countless side effects.

´´ama´´  in the end of  sentence

Sometimes , conjunction ´´ama´´ is used in the end of sentence just to draw an attention of  the adressee.

- Bak kızarım ama! ----> Look  I  will be mad at you !

- Böyle söylersen darılırım ama! --->  If you say like this, I will be cross with you !

- Yarın gelirim, söz. ---> I promise I will come tomorrow.

-  Gel ama !  ---> [You will ]come , ok ?--->  [Make sure you come ! ]

Hayat bu. Çok hızlı akıp geçer.

No. You can use also other personal endings with this form.

Exp :

http://www.gundem.be/tr/belcika/buyukelci-m-hakan-olcay-gorevime-baslamis-bulunuyorum

Good try Gülbahar.