Birkaç küçük hata dışında iyi !

Complete the missing parts in the sentences below.

1) D...  bir  saat....   v..  ---->  We still have one hour.

2) B....    ev..  balkon.  y..  ---> Our house doesn´t have a balcony.

3) Bu...   biz.   ne  fayda..   var ? ---->  What good [use] is this to us ?

4)  Kaç  k...   e.... ?  ----> How many people are missing ?

 Haydi [Hadi]

This word is said to encourage or urge a person on ---->

Haydi iş başına !  ----> Come on ! Back to work !

Haydi ne bekliyorsun ! ---> Come on! What are you waiting for ?

Haydi oğlum, çabuk ol !  ----> Come on son, hurry up !

* When doubled , especially the contracted form "hadi", it means " Come on..", "Get off it "

Hadi hadi ! Kimi aldatıyorsun ?

  Word duplication with "M"

Repetition of a word or a portion of a word is a very common point in Turkish. There is a pattern where the repeated word always begins with m, but otherwise identical to the word that goes it and serves as the model.

* If the word begins with a vowel , and m is added to the begining of the word.

Adam madam

Ev mev

Işık mışık

İnek minek 

Uyku muyku 

Ördek mördek

* If the word begins with a consonat other than m, the consonant is replaced by m in the word.

Kadın madın

Toımbul mombul

Su mu

Kemal memal

Yazı mazı

* If the word begins with an m, then we use the word "falan ", "filan", instead of repeating the word.

Masa filan

Mektup falan

* This form serves to extend the meaning of the first word to include smilar things.

When we say , "Odada dolap molap yok", we mean " There are no cupboards or things like cupboards in the room "

- Bahçede çiçek miçek görmedim. ---> I didn´t see any flowers or anything resembling a flower.

* The repetition of a word with change of the initial consonant to m is possible with any word and it is very widely used.

* Sometimes it is used when upset/angry like : 

- Ekmek mekmek almam ben ! ---> I won´t buy any bread or something like that !

- Kahve mahve yapmam ben ! ---> I won´t make any coffee or something like that !

- Şeker meker yok sıze ! ---> No sugar or something like that for you ! 

 -ELİ

This form is very smilar to - den beri.

To specify a period of time begining with some action in the past and continuing up to the present, we place -eli after the verb stem indicating that action.

- Buraya geleli hiç nezle olmadım. ---> I haven´t had a cold since I came here.

- Evi satalı üç defa apartman değiştirdim. ----> Since I sold the house I have changed apartments three times.

* The -eli suffix can only be used with a verb stem. This is one of the points in which it differs from the -den beri form.

The other important difference is that the -eli form is used when the whole period is measured and not the activity during that period.

- Ali işini bırakalı üç ay oluyor. ---> It is 3 months now since Ali quit his job.

* -eli marks the begining of a period. It does not indicate person or take personal endings if the subject of the verb with -eli is other than the subject of the main clause, it should be indicated by the appropriate noun or pronoun.

-Sen gideli hiç bir şeyde zevk kalmadı. ---> Since you´ve gone there is no joy left in anything.

* A second characteristic of this form is that it can be used with a negative verb.

- Ondan mektup almayalı kaç ay oluyor ? ---> How long [How many months] it has been since you last heard from him ? 

You are welcome Sean but don´t exaggerate. Every one is best here. Learners doing their best and teachers doing their best too.

There is also a case called ----> FACTITIVITY 

The difference between Factitivity and Causitivity in Turkish is ;

The factitive verbs are formed from an intransitive verbs [verbs that dont take an object] and it [verb] becomes transitive [verb that can take an object] by using "-dİr, -t, -r"  suffixes;

Uyumak --> To sleep --> Ben uyudum [ no object in this sentence]

Uyutmak -->  Çocuğu uyuttum [I made the child sleep ] --> Object is "the child"

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The causitive verbs are formed from already transitive verbs [verbs that takes object] and it [verb] still stays transitive by adding same suffixes "-dİr, -t, -r" .

Note that we can increase the transitiviness level of the verb by adding another suffix !

içmek ---> içirmek [to make someone to drink something] --> içirtmek [ to get someone to get someone to drink something

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In causitive forms we get [hire] someone to do the action whereas in factitive forms the person himself/herself perform [we dont get anyone to do] the action.

Çocuğu uyuttum --> I made the child [fall in] to sleep. --> Here I MYSELF made the child to sleep.

Dadıya bebeği uyutturdum --> I got nany to make the child [fall in ] to sleep.--> Here I GOT NANY to make the child to sleep.

Hi Sean, 

Forming causitives there are exceptions , however they roughly work as follows :

The variant forms of causative suffix are distributed in their use as follows:

-dir [dır, dur, dür " ] 

After verb forms ending in a consonant except for those ending in "l " or " r "and having more than one syllable.

-t 

After verb forms ending in a vowel except for the two verbs  ye- and de-which are followed by -dir --->

yedir -

dedir -

Also, after polysyllabic verb forms ending in " l " or "r ".

-ır 

After about tweny monosyllabic verb roots.  

bat-

bit-

doğ-

duy-

düş-

geç-

iç-

kaç-

piş-

yat-

ut-

After a very few monosyllabic verb roots ending in "k". 

kok-

kork-

er-

After four or five monosyllabic verb roots.

çık-

Note : The transitive verb forms of gel-, git- and gör- are, quite irregularly,                                                     getir, götür- and göster

AZ KALDI 

AZ KALSIN 

When we want to say  that something almost happened we use "az kaldı " or "az kalsın" followed by the verb representing the action.

The verb following az kalsın or az kaldı ends either in -iyordum or -ecektim.

No other form can be used.

The idea this form conveys is : A little more and this would have happened.

- Az kalsın elimi kesiyordum. --> I almost cut my hand.

- Az kalsın köpeği ezecektik. --->  We almost ran over the dog.

- Az kaldı fincanı düşürecektin. ---> You almost dropped the cup.

- Az kalsın kayık batacaktı. ---->  The boat almost sank.

- Az kaldı merdivenden düşüyordum. --->  I almost fell down the stairs.

* Az daha is also used in the same way.

To the leaves and branches , to the greens and reds,

May you have long long years my rose, may you have long years.

 Leaf goes with branch and red goes with green,

From now on, I won´t give you to  strangers [to others]

[In other words, From now on you are mine.]

Note : This is from a poem of great poet Nazım Hikmet Ran. It is probably a birthday wish for his ´lover´ who was his uncle´s [on Mother´s side] daughter Münevver.

He was in prison at the time and he was already married with Piraye Hanım However he fell in love with Münevver who was also married. 

Later, he leaves his wife for Münevver and marries her. He have a son from her.