Ablative Case - İsmin -den Hali (Ayrılma Hali)
There are many situations to use. Here they are:
1- It shows you a place or a direction. Could be a place or a person. It´s in the element of the sentence that is found when you ask "nereden, kimden, neden" (from where, from whom, from what) questions to the verb.
Evden geliyorum. - I´m coming from home.
Bu kalemi Ali´den aldım. - I took this pen from Ali
2- It makes verbs.
Bu sevgi gönüldendir. - This love is from the heart.
3- It states a condition.
Yağmur hafiften yağıyor. - It´s lightly raining.
Ben onu yakından tanırım. - I know him closely
4- It shows supreiority or comparison.
Baldan tatlı - Sweeter than honey
Sibirya´dan soğuk yer yok - There´s no other place colder than Sybreria
5- It states that a part is out from the whole.
Pastadan bir dilim yedim - I ate a slice of the cake
Cevabı sözlerimden anla - Get the answer from my words
6- It connects nouns to prepositions and make preposition objects. (I´m afraid there´s no word to show it in this situation)
Sabahtan beri seni bekliyoruz - We´ve been waiting you since the morning
Yemekten sonra çay içer misin? - Do you drink tea after the dinner?
7- It shows a reason.
Sıcaktan bunaldım. - I got exhausted from heat. (because of heat)
8- It is used as the possessive suffix of -in suffix in noun phrases.
Öğrencilerden biri güzel bir soru sordu - One of the students asked a good question.
Bunlardan hangisini beğendin? - Which one of those you liked?
9- It´s become a suffix to make adjectives.
Sana içten bir selam söyledi - He sent his deepest regards (iç - inner, deep; içten - sincere, deepest)
Sıradan insanlar gibi olmayın - Don´t be like ordinary people (sıra - line, row; sıradan - ordinary, common)
10- It makes doublings
Ülkemiz günden güne gelişiyor - Our country is improving day by day
Dünden bugüne çok şey değişti - A lot of things changed from yesterday till today.
11- It states the material that entities are made of.
Tahtadan kılıçlarla oynuyorlardı - They were playing with wooden swords
Annesi yünden bir hırka giyiyor - Her mother is wearing a woolen cardigan
12- It´s added to time words to give time meaning.
Geceden yola çıktılar - They departed at night time.
Bu işi dünden bitirmeliydik - We should have finished this work yesterday
Dative Case - İsmin -e Hali (Yönelme Hali)
It also has many situations to use. Here they are:
1- When it is used, the word receives the condition of "to" (going towards, inclining). It´s in the element of the sentence that is found when you ask "nereye, kime, neye" (to where, to whom, to what) questions to the verb.
Sinemaya gidelim - Let´s go to cinema
Geçen hafta Murat´a gittim - Last week I went to Murat (Murat´s place)
2- It gives the meaning of price.
Bu kitabı 10 liraya aldım. - I bought this book for 10 lira
3- It states time and makes adverb phrases.
Bu ödev akşama biter - This homework finishes at the evening
Haftaya size geleceğiz - Next week we will come to you
4- It connects nouns to prepositions. (No words to define this condition)
Yaşına göre ağır bir iş yapıyor - He is doing a hard work for his age
Sabaha kadar kar yağdı - It snowed until the morning
5- It makes idioms.
Yoluna koymak - To get back on the rails (literally: to put back on rails)
Başa gelen çekilir - What can´t be cured must be endured (literally: what comes to head is endured)
6- It forms a reason, a possessive link.
Bunları size aldık - We got these for you
Kardeşini görmeye gitti - He went to see his brother
7- It forms doublings and states a condition.
Koştuktan sonra nefes nefese kaldı - She got out of breath after running.
8- When used with -en, -an suffix, it makes doublings of exaggeration.
Senin durumun hakkında soran sorana - Many are asking about your situation.
9- It comes to word groups that are conjugated but lost their verb features.
Geçmiş olsuna gittik - We went to (say) get well soon
