Teyzemin kocasının Saraybosna´ya yakın dağdaki köyde küçük bir evi var.

You made the mistake somewhere else

This "ki" connects two words dağ and köy with the help of suffix "-da". Dağdaki köy means "The village on the mountain"

"Arabadaki adam" means "The man in the car".

If you say dont use ki and just say "Dağda köye gitti" It sounds weird because you are using two different words without any connection and it confuses us. You should connect them with ki.

To translate it as "only" is correct there but it is weird for me to think it that way because  "only" expresses "fewness" in English but "daha" expresses "muchness" in Turkish.

I think you (plural) use "only" in that sentence to express that so little time has passed since the action took place. So you emphasise the fewness of time but on the contorary we use "daha" in the Turkish version of that sentence to express that it is so new. The thing we want to emphasise is the muchness of the action´s being new  It is like saying it has happened very new

"-le" is the suffix form of "ile". They do the same things. Simply "ile" means "and" and "with". When you use it as a conjuction (as "and") there are two subjects, but if you use it as a particle (as "with") then there is only one subject.

Examples:

1. Ailemle tatile gittik. Here "ile" is a conjuction and there are two subjects. One is "ailem" other is "ben(hidden)" But because of this hidden "ben", also an ambiguity appears. It is better to say like this: Ailem ile ben tatile gittik.

2. Ailemle tatile gittim. Here "ile" is a particle. And there is only one subject in the sentence. And it is "ben(hidden)" Ailem is not a subject here.

Tutalım iki elim baştan başa kanda ola,

Lets say my both hands are in blood

Bu meseldir, söylenir kim "kul günah itse n´ola"

This is a parable “It is not important if a slave sinned”

Bayezîd´in suçunu bağışla, kıyma bu kula,

Forgive the guilt of Beyazid, dont kill this slave.

Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

Hak Taâlâ, kim cihanın şahı etmiştir seni

Allah made you the Shah of the world

Öldürüp ben kulunu, güldürme şahım düşmeni

By killing this slave of yours, dont make the enemy laugh

Gözlerim nuru oğullarımdan ayırma beni

Dont seperate me from my sons who are the light of my eyes

Bigünahım, Hak bilür devletlü sultanım baba

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

  Bir nice ma´sumum olduğun şeha bilmez misin?

O Shah, dont you know what a poor innocent person I am?

 Anların kanına girmekten hazer kılmaz mısın,

Wouldnt you refrain spilling blood of innocents?

Yoksa ben kulunla Hak dergahına varmaz mısın,

Wouldnt you go to the lodge of Allah with this slave of yours?

Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

Kim sana arzeyleye hâlim,

Who can tell you my situation?

Eya şah-ı kerim, Anadan, kardeşlerimden ayrılıp kaldım yetim,

O gracious Shah, I have become an orphan getting seperated from my mother and syblings.

Yok benim bir zerre isyanım sana,

I dont have a slightest amount of rebellion against you

Hak´tır alîm, Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

Allah is the wisest, I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

 Sanki Mecnun´um, bana dağlar başı oldu durak,

I am like Mecnun, mountain tops have become my resting places.

 Ayrılıp bilcümle mal ü mülkten düştüm ırak,

I got seperated from all my possessions and properties and remained far away.

Dökerim göz yaşını vâhasretâ, dâd-el-firak,

I shed tears. Woes. Save me from seperation.

Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

 Enbiya ser-defteri yani ki Âdem hakkıçün,

For the love of Adam who is the beginning of the book of prophets

 Hem dahi Musî ile îsî-i Meryem hakkıçün,

And even for the love of Moses and Jesus of Mary

Kainatın server-i ol Ruh-i âzam hakkıçün,

For the love of Greatest Spirit who is the commander of the universe

Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.

Ey seraser âleme Sultan Süleyman´ım baba,

O my father, Sultan Süleyman of the whole universe

Tende Canım, Canımın içinde cananım baba,

O father who is my soul in my body and my beloved in my soul

Bayezîd´ine kıyar mısın benim canım baba

Would you intend to kill your Beyazid my dear father?

Bigünahım, Hak bilür, devletlü sultanım baba.

I am innocent, Allah knows, my prosperous sultan, my father.