Turkish has also mathematical logic  

For example ;

If we take a statement and apply multiplication rules in Maths to it ;

[+]   x  [+]  =  [+]

[+]   x  [–]   = [–]

[–]   x  [+]   = [–]

[–]   x  [–]   = [+]

Hakan  işini  başarıyor --->  Hakan is succeeding in his job.

 In Positive  form [+]    X    In  Positive meaning [ +  ]  =   Positive sentence [+]

--------------------------------------------

Hakan  işini  başarıyor değil.  ---> Hakan is succeeding in his job not.

                          +           –

 Positive  [+]    X    Negative  [ –  ]  =  Negative  Sentence [–]

---------------------------------------------

Hakan  işini  başarmıyor değil.  ---> Hakan is not succeeding in his job not.

                              –                –         [ It is not true that Hakan is not succeeding ]

 Negative  [–]    X    Negative [ –  ]   =   Positive  Sentence [+]

Turkish is an economical language as well. Long statements can be expressed with less words in Turkish because of attached suffixes. It saves us from using more words. For example ;

This expression in Turkish ;

" Ankara´ya   gitmemeliydiniz. "  is expressed with 7 separate words  both in English and French.

You should [must]  not  have  gone to Ankara.

 1                 2        3     4       5      6    7

or if we attach the "not" onto "should " ,then we got 6 separate words.

same  sentence in French ;

Vous  n´arisez  pas  du  alle   a  Ankara.

 1           2          3     4    5      6     7

             Some words that we use incorrectly.

Sometimes , we say [spell] or pronounce incorrectly some words in our daily conversations.

Incorrect            Correct

  kanpanya            kampanya

  lavobo                 lavabo

  cimnastik             jimnastik

   baya                       bayağı

   şohben                 şofben

   sağnak                  sağanak

Source  TDK website.

1. In which of the following sentence , there is no  noun compound ?

a)Sabahları kuş sesleri ile uyanırdık.

b)Pastaneleri işten dönenler doldurdu.

c)Gençler, bayram kutlamasına gittiler.

d)Adana’nın akşamları mükemmeldir.

e)Oyunculardan biri sevinçle bağırıyordu.

2. In which of the following sentence , there is no  conjunction ?

a)Hızlı ve dikkatli oku.

b)Vatan Yahut Silistre en çok sevdiğim eserlerdendir.

c)Gençlik aklına eseni yapmak istiyor

d)Dayımla yengem haftaya dönüyor.

e)Yeğenim hem çalışkan hem akıllı.

3. In which of the following sentence , there is no gerund ?

a)Hiç durmaksızın yola devam edildi.

b)Güneş doğmadan yola çıktık.

c)Bu sevimli insana kanım kaynadı.

d)Gider gitmez beni aramasını söyledim.

e)Evi temizleyerek annesine yardımcı oldu.

4. In which of the following sentence , there is no technical word [term] ?

A)      Bilim, sanat veya birtakım özel mesleklere gösterilen ilgi artıyor.

B)      Gazetecilikte en önemli şey, manşeti iyi ayarlamaktır.

C)      Bilgisayar kurslarında en önce klavye tanıtılır.

D)      Golü atınca savunmaya ağırlık verdiler.

E)      Yazılıdan düşük alınca sözlüye kalkmak istedim.

Aynen. Nemanja gibi geleceğin Türkolog adayı olan bir genci listede görmek isteriz. 

Çiçek motifi falan da olsun mu yanında ?   

Bak yavruağzı da trendmiş , tavsiye ederim.

" Su" is an interesting word.

In Archaic Turkish it was called ´ sub´ , later it changed into ´suv´.

First, –b > -w alteration [ in Uygur Turkish] and later the  -w > -v   alteration occurred [single v , in Çağatay and Kıpçak Turkish].  

The verb "suvarmak" is derived of this root. 

suvarmak = to give water to animals. To make animals drink water.

As in the anonymous folk song below ; 

Bülbülü  suvardım altın tasla

Gurbete yolladım kara yasınan.

===========================

But  in time, the "v" sound dissolved and it got its latest form as just " SU " . 

My theory is ;

Because of the  initial "v" sound was still subconsciously strong in people´s mind, they didn´t adapt it into possessive form , instead, they kept the "v" as " y" . And automatically applied it to possessive forms, in other words, they didn´t feel to put "n" or "s".

I blame "v" for that. 

Just a theory..no more.

Nere  can be used independently just like  ´bura ´.

Bura  nere , diye sordu.  ----> " Where is here? "  he asked. 

and the answer is  ; 

Bura  Amasya. ---->  Here is Amasya. 

So, from  this point of view it can be classified as "question pronoun´ as it is asking the name of the place. 

===============================================

"Ne" , very clearly is  a question pronoun, but yet  it doesn´t take "n" . Rarely you can hear people use  " Nene"   instead of " Neyine" for example in the phrase below ;

1.[Senin] Nene  lazım. !

2. [Senin] Neyine  lazım [gerek] ! ---> What´s it to do with you ? , It doesn´t concern you, it is not your problem. …etc.

[Senin] Neyine  lazım [gerek]  =  [Senin] Nene  lazım

At the end of the day, both ways are in possessive form. In the first form " ne " is buffered with "n" [ rare use], whereas in the second form  "ne" is buffered with " y" [common use].

That is called Pronominal "n" [Zamir "n"si] officially which I don´t agree with the name. I prefer calling it " buffer n " [Kaynaştırma n´si ]. Since it does function as a buffer element  in a word. 

It is seen to be used in the following  cases ;

1. When a pronoun takes a case ending ;

O  [he , she ,it]  + n  +   a   ------>  Ona   --->  to him/ to her / to it

 " O"  is a personal pronoun.

Bu ---->  this 

Bu + n  + u ---> Here "bu" takes accusative marking.

Bunu   biliyorum  ---->  I know this. 

" Bu" is demonstrative  pronoun.

* My objection to the name "Pronominal n"  is because ;

1. It is not only used for pronouns [ it is also used in compound structures after the possessive suffix]

2. It does not work with question pronouns [ Soru Zamirleri] , such as "Nere"

Nere = where 

Nere + y + e  ---->  to where 

Nereye  baksam hep seni hatırlıyorum. ----> Whereever I look, I remember you. [ Everwhere I look reminds me of you ]"

=======================================

2.  When the compounds takes case marking , it comes between the possessive marking and case marking.

Ali´nin  kitabı --> Ali´s book  

            kitap + ı [possesive marking which indicates that the book is possessed by Ali]

Ali´nin  kitabı + n + ı [ accusative marking] 

Ali´nin kitabını  aldım. ----> I took Ali´s book.

========================================

3.  It comes before the genitive marking , if  the word ends with a vowel.

Oda ---> room ---> this word ends with a vowel "a"

If we want to say  " the room´s door" [ the door of the room] we need to put the genitive marking which is " ın "  and we buffer with  " n"  in between them.

Oda + n + ın  --->  The door´s 

Odanın  kapısı --->  The room´s door [ The door of the room].

===========================================

4. When the word takes case ending after "ki" relative pronoun ;

Masa = table

Masada  = on the table 

Masada + ki   =  the one [that is] on the table 

Masada + ki +  n + i [accusative case ending] 

Masadakini  ver  ---> Give [me] the one [that] is on the table.

 ==================================

In your example ;  

Oturma  odası [ living room] is a compound structure,  " the room of  living "

After the possessive marking "ı" , the locative case marking " da" [in] comes and we need " n " to combine them. 

Oturma  odası + n + da ==> In [the] living room [ in the room of  living]

And  YES, technically  it is because of vowel , the buffer "n" is added.

 Kendini bir şey sanmak  ---> To think himself/herself something. 

It refers a person who thinks himself/herself better, different  than he/she actually is.

O kendini bir şey sanıyor --->  He thinks ,he is something.

==========================

(bir şeyi) gözü gibi sakınmak [esirgemek] --->  To protect something or somebody just like his eyes.

* It is referring an action of protecting something or somebody with an extreme care.

Erman´ın gözü gibi sakındığı arabası dün bozuldu.

Erman´s car which he was looking after it with an extreme care, has been broken down yesterday.