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http://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni%C3%A7eri_Oca%C4%9F%C4%B1
http://osmanli-devleti1299.tr.gg/osmanli-yeniceriler.htm
Kaşık kardeşliği
The Janissary system was as old as the Sultanate. Janissaries used to be the elite troops of Ottoman army. They were straight under the command and protection of the Sultan. They were not very active in military campaigns but they were regarded as protectors of the throne and the court.
The first Janissaries were brought from Balkan countries within the devşirme system:
Askere alınacak çocuklar, Osmanlı uyruğunda olan Hristiyan halktan alınacaktı…Bu çocuklar Türk ailelerin yanlarına verilerek İslamiyeti, Türkçe’yi, Türk örf ve adetlerini öğrendikten ve sünnet edildikten sonra acemi ocağına alınırdı. Burada belli bir süre eğitim gördükten sonra yeniçeri ocağına kayıt olurlardı. Bu devşirmelerin evlenmeleri ve askerlik sanatından başka bir işle meşgul olmaları yasaktı. The children who were to be taken into military service were brought from those Christian nations who were vasals to the Ottomans. These children were given to Turkish families and taken to beginner’s divisions after they had learned Islam, Turkish language, Turkish customs and habits and after they had been circumcised. Having been educated there for a certain time they were registered to the Janissary organization. It was forbidden for these devshirme men to get married or occupy themselves with any other profession than the army.
In the early years janissaries were real comerades-in-arms: they lived under severe discipline, shared the same fate, lived in barracks, slept side by side and ate from the same stewpot. The commander of the battalion was called çorbacı. There was a place for a spoon in the Janissary hat. It was practical but it also symbolized their mutual brotherhood.
But times they change - Janissary system corrupted and grew in power until in the end it became enemy of the state nr 1 and had to be rooted out.
Rejecting the original principles and turning towards unsoldierlike activities was the main reason for the Janissary system’s demise. Janissaries were allowed to marry, they had their own businesses. Their amount increased radically and many Janissaries had nothing to do with soldier life. Janissaries revolted several times, blackmailed Sultans to maintain their privileges. For instance, they killed the 18-year-old Osman II who wanted to reorganize the army.
Ayrıca yeniçerilerin değişiklik yapmak isteyen devlet adamları ve padişahları görevlerinden etmeleri yada onları öldürmeleri ve ya istedikleri her şeyi çıkardıkları isyanlar sonucu devlete kabul ettirmeleri yeniçerilerin devlet yönetiminde ne derece etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. The way Janissaries forced reformative statesmen and Sultans retire or killed them as well as well as the way they by rebelling made the state agree about everything they wanted - that shows how powerful the Janissaries were in the management of the country.
The once honourable Janissary movement, now more resembling an outlaw gang survived until the 19th century when Sultan Mahmud II carefully planned its extinguisment as a part of important reforms in the country. People were tired of them anyway: the occasion was an important landmark in Ottoman history and it was called vaka-i hayriye, ‘the Auspicious Incident’.
Edited (9/4/2012) by Abla
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