The first one we already have at number 8. I corrected the link after bliss' warning.
The second one I will check some time.

This is an excellent point bod. There is theory that says men can learn a foreign language like a baby learns to speak.
In fact the theory grows stronger with time and could become more popular in the future. Kids for instance learn a foreign language easier. I think it is because they do less thinking about the foreign language from the perspective of their native language.

I think we need to stop thinking in our native langauge to make it easier to learn the foreign language. There are a few ways of thinking and some of them are impossible without words.

Analytic thinking requires the use of language. Therefore analytic thinking isn't the best way to learn a language. Analytic thinking is a scientific approach to topics which is common for adults while not so common for kids. Of coures it is very good to learn the rules but will hold back learning the language itself.

There is another way of thinking which is to grasp. We can grasp concepts without them being defined with words. For instance as I type now I don't think with Turkish. I have the ideas in mind and then search for English words to express my ideas. I recently looked at my essay "Istanbul my Love" and realised that it would have been difficult for me to translate it into Turkish, which has a different soul. For me the soul of Turkish is richer than English as I havent had too much experience with words. They still look a bit foreign to me.

The more experience you have with foreign words, the easier you will remember them. This experience doesnt have to be speaking or wiriting but it can be also listening and reading provided that you are not translating the text but are trying to grasp the words without thinking on them with your native language (without thinking on them analytically).
To grasp is something more intuitional. The sourrounding meanings (the secondary meanings) of a word can help as they will support the intuition.

In summary, about foreign languages I would say:
"Don't think, just accept it."

I have a theory that I havent mentioned in too many places yet. It hasn't been tested yet at all and it sounds a little silly. I think it is possible to learn a language with a single cinema film provided that the movie has speech in it in an average level and you have the patience to watch the movie as many times as needed. Of coures you need to do some dictionary work but it would be much better if you don't do any dictionary work for a month.
I would like to test my theory myself but I can't find a good French film.

I think I now understood what Elisa meant. The verb in my example was istemek and it can take a direct object.


gitmek: intransitive verb. Doesnt take direct object (no accusative case with nouns or verbal nouns)

istemek: transitive verb. Takes direct object (accusative case) -i istemek

Bu dondurmayı istiyorum.
Yüzmeyi istiyorum.
Gitmeyi istiyorum.
Fransızca konuşmayı istiyorum.

yüzmek (to swim)*: intransitive verbs. Doesnt take direct object (accusative case)

bilmek: transitive verb. Takes direct object

İngilizce konuşmayı biliyor musun?
Yolu biliyor musun?

* we have other verbs as yüzmek which are transitive but yüzmek as to swim isnt.

Gitmeyi has the accusative case suffix as bod explained. Maybe what you have read is something else. It could be this:

gidebilmek
koşabilmek
yapabilmek

Verbal nouns can take all case suffixes.

konuşma : Bu çok güzel bir konuşma oldu.
konuşmaya : Şu konuşmaya bak. Ne saçma.
konuşmayı : Sizinle yaptığımız bu konuşmayı hep hatırlayacağım.
konuşmada : Bu konuşmada beni rahatsız eden birşey var.
konuşmadan : Bu konuşmadan hoşlanmadım.

yüzme : Yüzme dersi alıyorum.
yüzmeye : Yüzmeye gidelim mi?
yüzmeyi : Yüzmeyi sever misin?
yüzmede : Sırt üstü yüzmede ne var? Çok kolay.
yüzmeden : Yüzmeden yüzmeye fark var.

Hi bod,
you got it right. It is a mixture of tenses. To call it a new tense or just a mood of tense doesnt make a difference. In Turkish we call them moodes of tenses. Some tenses have these moods. I will soon give a further explanation with examples.

By the way, your example is incorrect. It should be,

"Dün bütün gün matematik çalıştım."

We can use that tense in such a sentense:

Dün beni aradığında matematik çalışıyordum.
Yesterday when you called me, I was studying maths.

Dışarı, dışarısı or any other version of dış can take some case suffixes because these are noun based words (isim soylu kelime). When they modify a verb they are called adverbs.

Dışarısı is strictly a noun and is never used as an adverb. Dışarı is both an adverb and a noun. All versions of dışarı and dışarısı that have case suffixes are nouns only. When a case suffix is attached to a noun it cant be used as an adverb.


Examples:

Ahmet dışarı çıktı. > Adverb
Elimdeki kitabı pencereden dışarı attım. > Adverb

Dışarısı çok güzel. > Noun
Dışarıda güneş parlıyor. > Noun
Dışarıya çıkalım mı? > Noun

The second sentence was missing "yine de". I now have corrected it. They all meant to be examples with "yine de".

The second and first sentence are the same with the exception that one uses gitmek and the other gitmeyi. Why have I done this? Easy: To show both can be used.

Yes Elisa is right. If a suffix has only two forms you obviously only check if the last vowel is a back vowel (a,ı,o,u) or if it's a front vowel (e,i,ö,ü).

The plural suffix (-ler, -lar), the dative case suffix (-e, -a), the locative case (-de, -da), the ablative case, (-den, -dan),...etc. have two forms considering vowels (of course the -de and -den suffixes have a -te and -ten form but this changes according the consonant and not vowels).

For verbs the infinitive suffix (-mek, -mak)and the negative suffix (-me, -ma) have two forms only.

Therefore we say gül+ü and gül+ler+i. The last vowel determines the correct suffix. As the plural -ler suffix changes the last vowel we change the next suffix accordingly.

I will give you a smillar example:

infinitive: yüzmek
simple past affirmative: yüzdü
simple past negative: yüzmedi

The negative suffix -me changes the last vowel. The last suffix becomes e after yüzme and we add di. Simple past negative has only two forms -me+di or +ma+dı while affirmative has four because tyhe negative suffix has only two forms.
This below is a quote from a previous post of mine.
http://www.turkishclass.com/forumTitle_6_2142

Rule 1 : Last vowel counts.
Look at the last vowel to decide which suffix to add.

If the last vowel is a sharp vowel than the suffix should have a sharp vowel.
If the last vowel is a deep vowel than the suffix should have a deep vowel.

Sharp vowels: e,i,ö,ü
Deep vowels: a,ı,o,u

Rule 2:
Some suffixes have 4 forms. If these 4 forms have the vowels ı,i,u,ü then follow this table:

If the last vowel is one of these "a","ı" > use "ı"
If the last vowel is one of these "e","i" > use "i"
If the last vowel is one of these "o","u" > use "u"
If the last vowel is one of these "ö","ü" > use "ü"