'Hâlâ' and 'daha' are correctly placed in these sentences. On the other hand "öğretecek mi?" isn't suitable here. Instead we use "ders verecek mi?"

Öğretmek isn't refering to a teacher's job. It is refering to teaching as an action which isn't necessarily related to teachers. Öğretmek means "to teach a certain thing".

Example:
Bana yemek yapmasını öğretir misin?
Can you teach me how to cook?

"Başka bir şey ister misin?" is correct. I wouldn't use 'diğer'.

for besides ve can use yanında:

Tostun yanında başka bir şey ister misin?

Kızarmış ekmeğin yanında başka bir şey ister misin?

"Seni aramam sorun yarattıysa üzgünüm. Dışarı çıkmıştım ve seni aramadan duramadım. Biliyorsun ki benim yapmayı sevdiğim şeyler özellikle yapılması yasak olan şeyler. Perşembe kaçta arayayım? Bu arada, sms mesajlarına noktalama işareti ekleyebilirsen sevinirim çünkü benim için çevirisini yapmak daha kolay oluyor."

Please don't be angry with me. I'm very sorry. Wait for me at 10:30. Kisses.

'Türkiye' kelimesinin diğer dillerdeki karşılığı:

İspanyolcada : Turquía
Portekizcede : a Turquia
İtalyancada : la Turchia
Yunancada : Τουρκία
Almancada : Türkei
Felemenkçede : Turkije
Fransızcada : La Turquie

İngilizcede: Turkia

jack's post has been deleted. It looked too dodgy to me as well. Of course the follow up discussion about his post is removed as well. I hope you understand that, when the original post is deleted it doesnt make much sense to leave the replies.

I thought we could have a discussion without discussing Islam itself.

Yes Bod's explanation is correct but unfortunately that verb wasn't so suitable so the examples are not so suitable either.

Here is another example:
hoşlanmak
/dan/ to like, be pleased with; to enjoy.

What the /dan/ means is that the verb when used with the -dan case has the following meaning next to. For instance okuldan hoşlanmak.

The Genitive is the Case of Ownership
Accusative: -i/-ı/-u/-ü
The Accusative is the Direct Object of a Verb - it equates to - the.. - in English
Dative: -a/-e
The Dative is the Case of Movement Towards - it equates to - to., towards.. - in English.
Locative: -da/-de or -ta/-te - according to Consonant Mutation rules.
The Locative is the Case of Place - it equates to - in.. on.. at.. - in English.
Ablative: -dan/-den or -tan/-ten - according to Consonant Mutation rules.
The Dative is the Case of Movement Away - it equates to - from.. by.. via.. - in English.

Some shorter texts which are easier to understand could be in Turkish only. If the text is longer like the one above it could have the translation as well. If a text is in Turkish and doesnt have the Turkish characters I think it doesnt serve any educational purpose. If you are writing in Turkish at least use Turkish characters and keep the sentences simple by avoiding difficult and less common words and writing in short sentences.

If you don't have a Turkish keyboard you can use the buttons on top that appear when you type any forum message.

'Sözünüzün' olması gerekir. Türkçeniz çok iyi. Tebrikler.