Basically, it is used for almost any positive new things in your life, other people may say this phrase to you to wish you goodness and good luck.

* For things you just bought. [ Not small things like patatos or domatos of course]

Ev almışsın hayırlı olsun. ---> I heard you bought a house, May it be good to you. [May that bring you goodness and health to you]

* It can be said to people who just got a new job.

Yeni işiniz hayırlı olsun ----> May your new job be good to you. [ Good luck with your new job, congratulations ]

* To someone who has just engaged, married or entered in  a new relationship.

Nişanlanmışsın hayırlı olsun. ---> I heard, you got engaged. Congrulations, may God bless your engagement.

* Say,your friend has just had hair transplanted , you  can say to him ;

Saç ektirmişsin hayırlı olsun. ---> You had had hair transplanted. May it bring you goodness. [ But ´n this specifc case be careful, try not to say it in public in this case, he may not want to hear this in public]

* Note that, if your friend has just recovered from his/her ilness, dont use this phrase, instead, we say " Geçmiş olsun ´´

* Say your friend opened a new business, you can use this phrase : 

Restoranın hayırlı olsun kardeş ---> May your new restaurant bring goodness to you. [may your business go good ]

* An unusal example for this phrase --->  if your friend has just quit smoking and you heard that, you may want to wish good luck to him/her.

Sigarayı bırakmışsın, hayırlı olsun. ---> I heard you quit smoking, good luck ! [May it bring good to you]

It will definetely bring good to the person if it lasts. I was really told this when tried to quit smoking , but it didnt work on me. I started  again a week later after I was told this wish. 

Unexpected desire

Verb stem + ecek + personal suffix     +      tuttu

This construction is used for ;

- to report someone´s sudden, unexpected desire [desideratif imprevu]. 

- to report something [that we are not very pleased with or we are annoyed with] to someone

- to report someone´s sudden action

- To know the time of the action we may need to give an extra info. [ Dün, bu sabah, gelecek hafta ]

Examples :

Dün beraber büroda otururken birden kalkıp gideceği tuttu.  ---> He/She suddenly wanted to go while we were sitting in the office.

Haftaya İstanbul´a gideceği tuttu. ---> He/She suddenly [unexpectedly,for some reason] wanted to go to İstanbul next week.

Neden birden İstanbul´a gideceğin tuttu.---> Why you suddenly want to go to İstanbul ?

Akşam tam maç seyredecektim ki elektriklerin kesileceği tuttu. ---> Just as I was  going to watch the football match last night, the electrics gone.  [ Unexpected , and I am not happy with that, I am annoyed with that ]

Bu sıralar Türkçe öğreneceği tuttu. ---> Nowadays, He/She suddenly [unexpectedly] wanted [wants, desires] to learn Turkish.

Hrıstiyan arkadaşların Paskalya Bayramı kutlu olsun.

yâr ---> Farsi origin word which means = lover, friend, helper

" yârim " means " my love " in general. 

We don´t say it to children. You may hear people call their lovers as " yarim " = my love

it is naturally adressed to someone with whom you are romantically involved, not in sexual way cus it is more romantic and poetic way of adressing your love.

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But commonly people call their lovers as ---->  Aşkım  [my love ]

However, "yarim" is more poetic and generally used in poetry, literature.

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In "  Yâr " , "â "  is  pronounced bit longer.

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It can be used for divine love, divine helper.

-Allah´tan başka yarim yoktur. " ---> God is my only  helper. [my refuge]

In other words, God is my real friend and I ask help only from Him.

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Also, It can be used to express the " motherly love "

Ana gibi yar olmaz. ---> There is no lover as a mother. In other words, the women/men we love may leave us, but mothers never leave us. Mothers never cease giving us their love, affection.

1. Conditional "ise" ---> it is written seperately with verbs but this  is not very common usage. Instead, people tend to attach it onto verbs. 

Yağmur yağar ise şemsiyeni al.

If it rains take your umbrella.

 * When it is attached to a verb/word, "i" is not added.

Yağmur yağarsa şemsiyeni al.

* With words ;

Bir kız güzel ise kolaylıkla koca bulur.

If a girl is beautiful she could find a husband easily.

Bir kız güzelse kolaylıkla koca bulur.

Suffix for conditional mood -SA [SE],

 In old Turkish that suffix was in -sar, -ser form. Later , "r" dropped and we are left with-sa,-se and it was started to be used for  two moods [ optative and conditional]

 Because , two moods are expressed with the same morpheme,  this suffix seemed to have doubled functionally and called as  " optative-conditional suffix " [ Dilek-Şart eki ] in language books. 

2. Conjunction "ise"  ----> This " ise " is used for the functions of " comparison" and "contradistinction".

- Onlar yukarıda, biz ise aşağıdaydık. ---> They were upstairs but we were downstairs.

upstairs X downstairs  ----> contradistinction

- Evin içi sıcak dışarısı ise soğuktu. ---> Inside the house is warm but the outside was cold. 

Comparing "inside the house" with "outside the house "

- Berkant sudan korkar, Ali ise çok iyi yüzücüdür.

Berkant is afraid of water whereas Ali is a very good swimmer.

Comparing Berkant and Ali. 

Write at least 5 sentences about  what you have done today, using past tense, -ken and other necessary elements.  

Çok iyi Kedinero. Kolay mıydı ?

Complete the sentences below.

1) Tamer Beyle bugün öğleden sonra Kızılay´da ........... 

2)Televizyondaki haber programında ekonomistler uzun uzun ...........ama sonunda ..........

3) Dünya milletleri yıllarca çeşitli nedenlerle birbirleriyle ..........

4) Binada bomba olduğunu duyan herkes korkuyla dışarı ..........

savaşmak - buluşmak - tartışmak - kaçışmak - anlaşmak

Option1:

Seni beklettiğim için çok özür dilerim. Pazartesi arkadaşlarımla olacağım ve bu yüzden facebook´ta olamayacağım attığım mesajda yazıyor. Sana attığım mesajı almadın mı?

I think , because in the first option, it seems to me  as if  "making him wait" has not happened yet. But in English text, it seems that "making him wait " already happened, and she is kind of apologizing for that. May be I am wrong. That´s how I understood.

KediNero´s  translation [Option2] is correct.