Hepsi doğru !  Bravo  KediNero !

* Those are not totaly interchangeable words.

* In reported sentences with participles, we use "söylemek" . If there is no participle we use " demek"

- Sınavın zor olduğunu  söyledi.

 He/ She said the exam was difficult.

-"Sınav zor" dedi.

 " The exam is difficult "  he said.

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- İki yıldır Türkçe öğrendiğini söyledi.

 He/She said he/she had been learning Turkish for two years.

- " İki  yıldır  Türkçe öğreniyorum " dedi.

 " I have been learning Turkish for 2 years" he/she said.

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* In imperatives , "söylemek" is preferred.

 Hadi , söyle [bana] ! ---> Come on, tell me !

* When you ask someone to say  [to tell] something to someone else, use "söylemek"

Sami´ye söyle bugün işe erken gitsin.

Tell Sami to go to work early  today.

 * And in some cases, all may  be used as  to say [to tell] something to someone.

 Ona  ne dedin ?  ---> What did you say to him/her ?

 Ona  ne söyledin ?  --->  What did you tell him /her ?

 Ona  ne  anlattın ?  ---->  What did you tell/say  to him/her ?

* The difference is "anlatmak " sounds more detailed "saying/telling". In other words, you are not just saying something but you are also explaining your message to other person.

As you may noticed, it is derivation of the  verb "anlamak " = to understand. Therefore, you are intending  someone to understand [to belive in ] something.

anla + t + mak 

* " Anlatmak " also means " narrate " something to someone.

Çocuk babasına olan biteni anlattı.

The child told his father about what happened.

Here, it´s translation ;

https://www.marxists.org/subject/art/literature/nazim/farewell.html

Yes, simple dative  works  as well !  and it gives us the same meaning

Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes.

1) O..  düşünce....  açıklama hak..  verilme..  gerekiyor.

He/She should be given a right of expressing his/her opinion [thought].

2) Yağmur   yağma.....  dışar..   basketbol  oynar...

If it wasn´t raining outside, we could have played basketball.

3) Haftaya ora..  gitme....  öner..

He/She suggested us to go there next week.

4) O kitab.  okuma..   tavsiye  ederim.

I recommend you to read that book.

Yes, it is an interesting grammatical event.

This doubbling  is seen in a limited number of words [Arabic words ] ending in the consonants "b, t, d, k , l , s, z , m and  n "

The final consonant is doubled when a vowel-initial suffix is attached onto it. Consonant doubling is not seen when a consonant-initial suffix is attached. 

Examples ;

his [feeling ] ---> hissi  [ his/her feeling ]

sır [ secret ] ----> sırrı [ his/her secret ]

hat[ line ]  ----> hattı [ his/her/its line ]

Rab [ God ] ----> Rabbi [his/her God]

haz [ pleasure ] ----> hazzı  [his/her pleasure ]

tıp  [ [medicine ] ----> tıbbi  [medical]

You can´t exactly match the suffixes of  two  very different languages like Turkish and English.

But , if we had to find the closest suffixes,that may help you while translating, some of them are ;

*er, ar  -----> -men,- man , -ici [ıcı , ucu,ücü]

This suffix -man [-men] makes some verbs nouns. [note ; not all verbs, some verbs ! ]

 Verb stem + man [men] according to vowel harmony

Danışmak --->  To counsult, to advice   ----  Danışman --->  Consultant, adviser

Öğretmek ---> To teach   ------  Öğretmen ---> Teacher

Eğitmek  -----> To educate  ----  Eğitmen  -----> Educater

Seçmek -------> To choose, to elect,to vote -----> Seçmen ----> Voter [in elections]

Icı

Yarat + ıcı ------> Yaratıcı --->  Creator

İzle  + y + ici  ---> İzleyici  --->  Viewer

----------------------------------------------

The Suffix -MSI [-ımsı, -imsi, -umsu, ümsü ]   -----> ish

This suffix comes especially to the end of colors and gives them the meaning of  "likeness"

beyaz [white ] ----> beyazımsı [whitesh]

kırmızı [ red ] ------> kırmızımsı [ reddish ]

sarı   [yellow ] -----> sarımsı [ yellowish ]

siyah [black] -------> siyahımsı [ blackish ]

pembe [ pink ] ------> pembemsi [ pinky,pinkish]

yeşil [green] --------> yeşilimsi [greenish ]

mor [ purple ] -------> morumsu [ purpleish]

mavi [blue] ----------> mavimsi [ blueish ]

* The suffix -msı also comes to some other words to give them "likeness " "littleness " such as ;

acı [bitter,hot] -----> acımsı [ bitterish , bit bitter ]

tatlı [sweet] --------> tatlımsı [ sweetish , bit sweet ]

ekşi [sour] -----------> ekşimsi [ sourish ]

==================================================

-able, -ible (like adorable, loveable, capable)  ----> [il] -ebilir , -ası [esi]

Verb stem + passive mood marker + ebilir

Verb stem  + esi,ası

Adorable --> Tapılası

curable ---> Tedavi et + il [passive marking]+ ebilir  ---->  tedavi  edilebilir,

                  iyileştir + il [passive form] + ebilir  --> iyileştirilebilir.

understandable  ---> Anlaşılabilir

eatable  --> ye + n [passive marking] + ebilir ---> yenebilir

------------------------------------------------------------------

 -less (like worthless, useless)  ----> -sIz [siz , suz, süz ]

 Worth + less ---> Kıymet + siz  ----> Kıymetsiz

 Use  + less  --->  Fayda + sız  ---> Faydasız  or  Yararsız

 Heart + less ---> Kalp + siz ---> Kalpsiz

-----------------------------------------------------------------

-ic (like academic)  ----> - ik    [* This one may match  with its english equilant as we also use it as loanword and loansuffix ]

Academic ---> Akademik

Economic  ----> Ekonomik

strategic  ----> Stratejik

------------------------------------------------------------------

-ian (like Jordanian, Syrian)

-lı, li , lu , lü  IF  it is used with some nationalities like them.

Suriye + li  ----> Syrian

Ürdün + lü ----> Jordanian

Etiyopya + lı ---> Ethiyopian

-cı,ci  IF they are describing some academic professions, such as:

Historian   ----> Tarihçi

Mathematician ----> Matematikçi

* Again,  these suffixes may not  match exactly to every word so  don´t apply them in every translation.

It is " Orta Hece Ünlüsü Düşümü " middle syllable vowel dropping.  Whether you call it as an exception or a fonetic development, does not change the fact that  there is " vowel dropping"  happening with some words or .  It is not seen only with possessives, it can be seen with other suffixes. For instance , take one of those word:

İzin  + e  ---> izne   [ to day [s] off  from work ]
Yakında izne çıkacağım  ---> I will have days off from work soon. [ in other words, I will have get holiday from work]

Middle syllable dropping, because, when it takes a suffix, it becomes the middle syllable.

izin

İ + zi + ne    ----> izne

=================================

ömür
ö + mü + re  ---> ömre

Seninle bir dakika ömre bedel ! ---> Being with you one minute , worth a life !

* However, when the suffix starts with a consonant, then the vowel dropping don´t occur.

Ömür + den  ---> Ömürden
Ömür  + de ---> Ömürde
Ömür + süz   ---> Ömürsüz
Ömür + lü ---> Ömürlü
Ömür + se  ---> Ömürse

Hakkında with pronouns

Pronoun + possessive suffix  +  hak+ k + personal marking + da[de]

*Note that, the middle consonant "k" doubles when it takes vowel.

 Ben      + im         +   hakkımda

 Literally---->  In about of me ---> About me

 Sen    +  in          + hakkında ----> About you

 O  + n +  un         + hakkında ----> About him/her

 * Note that buffer "n" comes before possesive suffix.

Bizim  hakkımızda ---> About us

Sizin  hakkınızda  ---> About you [plural]

Onların  hakkında ---> About them

*Note that  with 3th plural person we don´t normally put "lar".

Hakkında with person names

Person name +  hakkında

Atatürk hakkında ---> About Atatürk

Sezin  hakkında  ---> About Sezin

Kenan hakkında ---> About Kenan

Hakkında with place/ things

Name of place/ thing  +  hakkında

Amerika  hakkında  ---> About America

İstanbul  hakkında  ---> About Istanbul

İstanbul hakkında bir kitap yazdı. ---> He/She  wrote a book about Istanbul.

Bu durum  hakkında ---> About this situation

*belki inanmican ama
May be you won´t believe this but .........

*sen orada ailenle bensiz daha mutlusun anlaşiliyorki gelmeyede niyetli degilsin
You seem to be  happier there being with your family without me, and you don´t seem to have an  intention to come over here.

*benimleyken hic mutlu etmemisim seni
It seems like I couldn´t make you happy while you were with me.

*senin icin önemimde yok zaten
It is not important for you anyway