When the Arabic and Farsian started changing our there was resistance among Turkish artists and authors.

They rejected using Ottoman grammar rules and Ottoman language patterns. There were some new conjunctions that made sentences longer.

İntellectuals said they would keep using pure Turkish. With time Ottoman language spread over.

Only after centuries when we have quit using Ottoman language and when we returned to Turkish we were able to communicate with other Turkish countries again.

Todays Turks can not understand the Ottoman Turkish that was used between 1500-1900. Since we have quit using Ottoman Turkish and since we have returned to Turkish again we can understand some of the older texts.

First Turkish printed materials that were found refer to the 8th century. Here is a text that was found shaped on a stone that you see on the picture. It was written in year 732. Believe me we can understand this text better than anything from late Ottoman langauge.

http://www.ulkuocaklari.org.tr/kulturedebiyat/edebiyat/gokturkkitabeleri.htm

Greetings,

Ottoman language was not Turkish. We call it "Osmanlıca". It is a different language with a different grammar and vocabulary than Turkish. I find it difficult to understand why others find it difficult to understand that Ottman Turkish was an independent language with other suffixes, tenses, vocabulary and everything.

During Ottoman days Turks have given up using Turkish. Instead they have gradually changed their language and created an artificial language called Ottoman Turkish. We can name it Ottoman Turkish instead Ottoman Language if it makes you happy.

The point is that Turkish has keept living purely in other countries while we had quit using it.

Ottoman Empire existed from 13th century to 20th century.

Until early 1500's in Ottoman Language Turkish was used. We can call this period "early Ottoman Turkish" as well. Anyway, early Ottoman Turkish (until early 1500's) was mainly Turkish only. Afterwards Arabic and Farsian started influencing it.

The vocabulary change was huge. 50% of the vocabulary became Arabic and Farsian words. If it had been only those forein words I would not call this an independent language but there was more.

Arabic and Farsian changed our grammar as well. New negative suffixes were introduced that we never knew before. New constructive suffixes were introduced. It was a whole new langauge with its own grammar different that the grammar before year 1500.

Ottoman Turkish was an artifically created langauge.

1."kamu politikası oluşturan kişi"
2."toplum politikasını belirleyen kişi"

I'm not very familiar with this issue. There could be better terms.

Other man who are playing cards, having a chat or drinking a tea would freeze and would stare at your girlfirend like they were seeing a girl for the first time. I think eveybody would stop doing what they are doing and would be focused on you.

Of course this is only so in the traditional places.

Greetings Ade1,

Unfortunately the author of www.turkishlanguage.co.uk is not Turkish. There are many mistakes on this website.

Long time ago the mistakes on this website have been an issue again.

Let's have a look on the page you are refrring to:
http://www.turkishlanguage.co.uk/adjectives.htm

Ev, mavidir - The house is blue << incorrect

Should be "O mavi bir ev." or "Bu ev mavi".

"Bu ev mavidir" is acceptable but very weakly constructed.

Büyük beyaz bir ev(dir) - It is a big white house << incorrect

This sentence is incorrect in both versions:

"Büyük beyaz bir ev" : "a big, white house"
This is a noun phrase. It is not a sentence. It doesn't tell anything.

"Büyük beyaz bir evdir" : "is a big white house"
This time the sentence is incorrect because it is missing a subject. Something is a big white house but it doesn't say what. Adding "this" (bu) would correct the sentence.

The correct version could be one of these:

1. Bu, büyük ve beyaz bir ev.
2. Bu, büyük ve beyaz bir evdir.
3. Bu ev, büyük, beyaz bir evdir.

In sentence three, "evdir" is correct since the subject is "bu ev" (this house). It implies that there are other houses and I'm pointing to a fact about this particular house.
In sentence two, the sentence is well build if I'm telling a story. It not then it is weak.

"Düşmüş olan yapraklar nemlidir" - << correct
The leaves which have fallen are damp - The fallen leaves are damp.

This last one is a typical usage. It points to a scientific and general fact.

There are other usages of -dir.

It is common to use it with -mekte present continuous:

yapılmaktadır, gidilmektedir, olmaktadır etc.

It is also used in story telling:

Ayşe genç bir öğrencidir ve İstanbul'da yaşamaktadır.

Greetings Ade1,

I don't know any usage of the -dir where it is used as emphasis. It is mainly used on historical or scientific facts that are independent from personal experience. In fact by using -dir the person is claiming not to speak from personal experience.

Therefore when talking about "this car", "that table", "this man" etc. I can't think of a situation where using -dir would be suitable.

This is a typical usage: (scientific fact)

Kuşlar iki kanatlı hayvanlardır.
Birds are animals with two wings.

Türkiye'nin en büyük şehri İstanbul'dur.
Turkia's biggest city is İstanbul.

100'ün yarısı 50' dir.

Yalan söylemek iyi bir davranış değildir.
Lying isn't a good behavior.

The -dir has more to do with generalisation, building statements based on common facts and swiching from personal voice to common voice. I have a new translation for -dir. This might be the longest translation ever for a single suffix:

-dir = It is not my experience but it is a common and known fact that

Sorry, I forgot to mention the shorter translation:
-dir = is

I think "Lan oglum" was translated too politely as "hey dude". Actually it is a good translation and could be like this in some instinces but in this case I think the intention was not friendly as we understand from the rest of the text.

I would translate "lan oğlum" as "hey you damn kid" in this particular sentence.
By the way oğlum means son.

I just saw Meltem's translation. Yes, I agree it is also very good.

Lan can be as strong as the f word.

There is a standart rate but the standart is different in every city. The council decides on the rate.

So there is a rate in Istanbul and another rate in Antalya and another rate in İzmir etc.

Taxi have those machines that show the price. They a button on them to swich to day tarrif or night tarrif. Night tarrif is after 12 pm.

If you mention the word "airport" they will swich immediately to night tarrif no mattar what time it is and no matter what your location is within the city.

If this diagram if you are on "a" and want to go to the airport which is on "c" you start paying night tarrif from "a to c", all the way long. If you are going from "a to b" you pay normal tarif.

a..........................b..c